A 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene — one of only a few known mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs). MOTS-c activates AMPK signaling, enhances glucose uptake independently of insulin, and improves exercise capacity in aging mouse models. It represents a direct mitochondrial-to-nuclear retrograde signaling mechanism, functioning as an exercise-mimetic that regulates metabolic homeostasis.
Research Profile
Structure16 amino acids (~2,174 Da) — encoded by mt-12S rRNA
Key distinction: One of the first identified mitochondrial-derived peptides — functions as an endogenous exercise mimetic through AMPK, representing a novel axis of mito-nuclear communication.
Scientific Evidence
Published Research
[1]
Lee C et al. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Metab 2015;21:443-454 — PubMed 25738459
[2]
Reynolds JC et al. MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis. Nat Commun 2021;12:470 — PubMed 33473109
Research Use Only. All products sold by Lumen Peppers are intended solely for in vitro research and laboratory purposes. They are not drugs, supplements, or foods. Nothing on this page constitutes medical advice. Researchers are responsible for compliance with all applicable regulations. Last updated: April 14, 2026.